UK CPI expected to edge lower in March, paving the way for BoE rate cut in May
- The United Kingdom’s Office for National Statistics will publish the March CPI data on Wednesday.
- The annual UK headline inflation is set to cool in March, while core CPI is seen to remain unchanged.
- The UK CPI data could inject volatility around the Pound Sterling amid a cautious BoE.
The United Kingdom’s (UK) Consumer Price Index (CPI) data for March will be published by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) on Wednesday at 06:00 GMT.
The UK CPI inflation report could significantly impact the market’s expectations for the Bank of England’s (BoE) future interest rate cuts, which could trigger a big reaction in the Pound Sterling (GBP).
What to expect from the next UK inflation report?
The UK Consumer Price Index is forecast to rise 2.7% year-over-year (YoY) in March, following a 2.8% increase in February.
The reading is expected to remain distant from the BoE’s 2.0% target.
Core CPI inflation, which excludes energy, food, alcohol, and tobacco prices, is expected to rise by 3.5% YoY in March, unchanged from February.
According to a Bloomberg survey of economists, official data is expected to show that service inflation has ticked lower to 4.8% in March after remaining at 5% in February.
Meanwhile, the British monthly CPI is expected to rise by 0.4% in the same period, matching the increase recorded in February.
Previewing the UK inflation data, TD Securities analysts noted: “We expect inflation to continue dropping in March, with headline coming in at 2.6% (mkt: 2.7%; prior: 2.8%). Services are the main driver at 4.7% YoY (prior: 5.0% YoY, mkt: 4.8%), which would also feed into a decline in core to 3.3% YoY (prior: 3.5% YoY). Though these numbers remain above the BoE's comfort, the downward trajectory will be welcomed ahead of their May meeting.”
How will the UK Consumer Price Index report affect GBP/USD?
The expected slight cooldown in British inflation would clear the BoE’s path to cut rates by 25 basis points (bps) to 4.25% at its May 8 policy meeting.
Meanwhile, money markets are pricing in 75-100 bps of total rate reductions this year due to the gloomy UK economic outlook, courtesy of the global tariff war.
At its March monetary policy meeting, the BoE held interest rates at 4.5%, with the voting pattern showing 8-1 in favor of holding rates, while one member voted to cut.
The bank said in its policy statement that "global trade policy uncertainty has intensified" in recent weeks, citing US tariffs and other countries' responses.
Therefore, an upside surprise to the headline inflation data would push back against the expectations of further rate cuts by the BoE following the potential easing in May. In such a case, the Pound Sterling will receive the much-needed boost, lifting GBP/USD closer to the 1.3300 barrier. Conversely, tamer inflation readings will likely revive bets of aggressive BoE rate cuts, which could trigger a fresh GBP/USD downtrend.
Dhwani Mehta, Asian Session Lead Analyst at FXStreet, offers a brief technical outlook for the major and explains: “GBP/USD is battling the 1.3200 barrier while holding well above all major daily Simple Moving Averages (SMA) heading into the UK CPI release. The 14-day Relative Strength Index (RSI) momentum indicator stays above 50. A Golden Cross is in the making as the 50-day SMA is on the verge of crossing the 200-day SMA from below. These technical indicators continue to paint a bullish picture for the major in the near term.”
Dhwani adds: “The pair needs acceptance above the 1.3250 psychological barrier to extend the uptrend toward the 1.3300 threshold. The next topside target is aligned at the October 2024 high of 1.3390. Conversely, the immediate support is seen at the 21-day SMA at 1.2958, below which the confluence zone of the 50-day SMA and the 200-day SMA around 1.2810 will be tested. If sellers crack that level, a fresh downside toward the 100-day SMA of 1.2652 will be inevitable.”
Economic Indicator
Consumer Price Index (YoY)
The United Kingdom (UK) Consumer Price Index (CPI), released by the Office for National Statistics on a monthly basis, is a measure of consumer price inflation – the rate at which the prices of goods and services bought by households rise or fall – produced to international standards. It is the inflation measure used in the government’s target. The YoY reading compares prices in the reference month to a year earlier. Generally, a high reading is seen as bullish for the Pound Sterling (GBP), while a low reading is seen as bearish.
Read more.Next release: Wed Apr 16, 2025 06:00
Frequency: Monthly
Consensus: 2.7%
Previous: 2.8%
Source: Office for National Statistics
The Bank of England is tasked with keeping inflation, as measured by the headline Consumer Price Index (CPI) at around 2%, giving the monthly release its importance. An increase in inflation implies a quicker and sooner increase of interest rates or the reduction of bond-buying by the BOE, which means squeezing the supply of pounds. Conversely, a drop in the pace of price rises indicates looser monetary policy. A higher-than-expected result tends to be GBP bullish.
Inflation FAQs
Inflation measures the rise in the price of a representative basket of goods and services. Headline inflation is usually expressed as a percentage change on a month-on-month (MoM) and year-on-year (YoY) basis. Core inflation excludes more volatile elements such as food and fuel which can fluctuate because of geopolitical and seasonal factors. Core inflation is the figure economists focus on and is the level targeted by central banks, which are mandated to keep inflation at a manageable level, usually around 2%.
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in prices of a basket of goods and services over a period of time. It is usually expressed as a percentage change on a month-on-month (MoM) and year-on-year (YoY) basis. Core CPI is the figure targeted by central banks as it excludes volatile food and fuel inputs. When Core CPI rises above 2% it usually results in higher interest rates and vice versa when it falls below 2%. Since higher interest rates are positive for a currency, higher inflation usually results in a stronger currency. The opposite is true when inflation falls.
Although it may seem counter-intuitive, high inflation in a country pushes up the value of its currency and vice versa for lower inflation. This is because the central bank will normally raise interest rates to combat the higher inflation, which attract more global capital inflows from investors looking for a lucrative place to park their money.
Formerly, Gold was the asset investors turned to in times of high inflation because it preserved its value, and whilst investors will often still buy Gold for its safe-haven properties in times of extreme market turmoil, this is not the case most of the time. This is because when inflation is high, central banks will put up interest rates to combat it. Higher interest rates are negative for Gold because they increase the opportunity-cost of holding Gold vis-a-vis an interest-bearing asset or placing the money in a cash deposit account. On the flipside, lower inflation tends to be positive for Gold as it brings interest rates down, making the bright metal a more viable investment alternative.